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Into gardening? The Okinawa kama is hard to beat when it comes to removing weeds and bad guys. Into karate, the Okinawa kama is a must! |
Traditionally,
kama was developed with other farming implements for self-defense on Okinawa. It became an important weapon due to King Shoshin of Okinawa outlawing ownership of bladed weapons. Some suggest the king was a devout Buddhist and was against violence, but in all likelihood, the king was fearful of an uprising. Even though
kama had a blade, these were not considered weapons, but rather farming tools; so the Okinawan peasants converted traditional sickles into weapons of self-defense and trained in secret. Typically, we train with two
kama - one in each hand.
If you are into gardening - there is nothing like sharp Okinawa
kama for removing weeds from your garden. But if you are into traditional
martial arts like many of our adult students at the
Arizona Hombu Dojo in Mesa, there is nothing like
kama for
self-defense. But to protect ourselves and our training partners, we train only with non-shapened
kama because we all want to be able to go home and text with all of our digits still attached.
Thursday evenings, members of the Arizona Hombu on Baseline Road on the border of Mesa and Gilbert Arizona in the Phoenix valley train with
Okinawan Martial Arts Weapons - just like the Okinawan peasants of the past. Currently (2015), students are training in
kama as well as
nunchaku. Few other schools teach
kama (gardening
sickles) which is unfortunate, as
kama
is a martial arts weapon found in most Sears garden shops. Most Okinawan
kama (
gama) come as pairs and are handy to have for any garden or
home
invaders which are all too common in
Arizona.
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Ben defends attack by Gavin at the Arizona Hombu during ippon kumite (one step sparring). |
A modified
kama, known as
kusarigama is even more rare in martial arts schools because it leaves bruises until the student learns to use this complex weapon - its a kama attached to a chain. But our students love gardening. So if you are
ever attacked in your garden by a gang of
ninja or CDC bad guys, you will be thankful you learned
to use
kama and
kusarigama.
At the age of 10, I was handed
a rusty sickle by my mother and told to de-weed our back yard. I only wish I
would have known something about kama back
in those days, it would have made cutting weeds much more interesting.
Anyway,
kama was likely a weapon of the
peasant class on
Okinawa, simply
because it would have been a tool of farmers – something beneath the
Pechin class (Okinawan equivalent
of Samurai). One of the great controversies of
Okinawa karate was how the martial art developed. Many think
of
karate as a form
of self-defense used
only by Okinawan bodyguards and royalty, others argue it was a peasant art.
The martial art of
kobudo argues this
was a combat art for peasants.
Kobudo developed after King Shoshin outlawed bladed weapons on
Okinawa in the 15
th century. Okinawa was invaded by the
Satsuma Samurai from Japan and the ban on
bladed weapons continued to be enforced by Japanese Samurai who could take the life of any peasant they chose. If any Okinawan was caught with a
weapon or practicing
karate, they likely
would have lost their head – this was one reason why
karate was a secret for centuries.
The kama is one of the more difficult Okinawan weapons to learn due to the inherent
danger of the blade. Before karate
became popular in the US, kama
training (just like samurai sword) involved a razor sharp blade. It was easy to
self-inflict scars during practice. Today, we have practice weapons, but care
must still be exercised because most are so poorly made that they tend to fall
apart with little use. It is a good idea (and
highly recommended) to wear safety
glasses or goggles while training with these and to search for either a martial arts supply house that sells kama that will last and not break easily.
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Training in kama and bo at Kobudo class in Mesa, Arizona |
Kama is used singly or in pairs (
gama). The point, sharpened edge of the blade, handle and the butt
of the handle are all used in strikes and blocks. There are different grips used in
kama combat including
honte mochi (natural),
gyaku te mochi (reverse) and
tokushu mochi (special grip). The weapon
is used for
kuride (hooking),
kakede (gripping),
ukete sasu (blocking & stabbing),
tsuki (thrusting),
kiru
(cutting) &
nagete ateru
(throwing and striking). Some
kama have straps attached to handles so the weapon can be released similar to some
nunchaku techniques.
A similar weapon to kama is kusarigama (chain-sickle). This is a very difficult weapon to
master and rarely taught and it is difficult to find kusarigama to purchase. They are almost non-existent in the US and the few available at local martial arts stores are not up to specification.
Kusarigama is a traditional weapon with a
kama attached to a metal chain (
kusari)
with heavy iron weight at the opposite end of the
kama. Or it can be attached to a rope wound around the wrist.
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Okinawan farmers at the Arizona Hombu dojo train with farming implements. Photo shows karate students and instructors training with kama (Okinawa sickles) during kobudo class. |
The
chain of
kusarigama is relatively
long (often 6 to 9.5 feet) and used to reach an attacker outside a striking distance
of a
samurai sword with weighted ball and chain. This was done by swinging the
kusari overhead or at the side and wrapping it around the attacker’s arms, legs, or neck. It is also likely the
kama
was swung overhead in big circles and thrown at
samurai with follow-up strikes to vital points with the
weight. Records show that
kusarigama
was extremely popular in feudal Japan, and many schools trained in this art
from the 12th to 17th century including
Koga Ryu,
a school of
ninjutsu. Anyone who doubts the effectiveness of
kama or
kusarigama should spend time with
Tadashi Yamashita.
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Kama and bokken - traditional Okinawan martial arts at the Arizona School of Traditional Karate.
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